Bristol - COPPER - Slaves & Jaffa Cakes:

- It's a harmless hobby ..

Only 21mm Diameter ..

More junk - yeah I'm nuts .. Nuts about old Copperware sheet metalwork - I just love the stuff .. But I'm not sure why I wasted my dollars on this wee TOKEN that's 374 years old?

Finding a 1652 dated Bristoll Farthing in New Zealand for NZ$24 was a great buy, as these historic 17th-century trade tokens generally can go up to NZ$150+ (£20 to £75+), depending heavily on condition .. this one is VERY FINE (VF) condition.

Yes I know it is spelled BRISTOL - now it's gone to 'ell - but stuff changes over time eh. Try CAER ODOR, Brycgstow, BRYGSTOW, BRISTOW, then BRISTOLL .. and currently BRISTOL.

1652 follows the execution of King Charles I in 1649, - and England was governed as a Republic for 11 years under Oliver Cromwell and Parliament. The central government focused strictly on minting high-value gold and silver coins, halting the production of official base-metal small change like farthings and halfpennies. Without any lower-value coins, shopkeepers couldn't give change for ordinary purchases like bread, ale, or soap.. 

So, Bristol issued these official city tokens backed by the local corporation to standardise small change across the region. These Bristol corporate tokens were highly trusted because of the city's vast commercial wealth as a major maritime port. Tokens remained a vital backbone of local West Country commerce until 1672, when King Charles II finally outlawed private tokens and re-established an official royal copper coinage.

The local copper and brass industry that Bristol built to solve its small change crisis in 1652 became a driver of the Transatlantic Slave Trade - just a few decades later, Bristol industries quickly progressed from striking local coins to mass-producing heavy copper household goods explicitly designed to buy human slaves.

Cornish COPPER was foundered into Guinea Kettles, Cooking Pots, Copper Bracelets called Manillas, all used for trade, - and CAULDRONS used for boiling and refining Sugar Cane.

Manilas or Okpoho - made from copper, brass, & bronze were cash in Africa ..

A Highly Profitable CORPORATE Trade Lasting Over 300 Years:

- A 'Triangular Trade Route' of exchange goods to Africa used to buy slaves .. Slaves and copper goods to the Americas and Caribbean .. Sugar, Tobacco and Cotton from America back to Bristol. THE MONEY MADE THEN KEEPS PROPERTIED FAMILIES WEALTHY TO THIS DAY.

GUN LAWS .. Firearms Regulations, in British based nations like Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and UK itself - are wholy based on the wealthy ruling elites FEAR of the POOR. 

IF you pause to THINK about Corporate 'BIG BUSINESS' and what these organizations are about .. It's fairly obvious they DON'T exist to benefit the workers. These 'Corporates' live to make their owners WEALTHY and more wealthy and ever more wealthy .. etc into the future, for-ever extracting money from us the resource. 

Corporate business's live to take your money and to put it into their accounts. Full Stop.

- They don't care how they do it or what damage they cause on the way .. Pollution? - So What .. Poisoned kids .. Oh Dear never mind eh. Destroyed marshlands and locals pushed out by "security forces" - Thats "progress". These leaders have more wealth and Power than countries now. Democracy?

FIREARMS LICENCES ESSENTIAL FOR NZ POLICE.

Why should anyone be exempt?

Jaffa Cakes and Empty Space:

This is a brand-new - just opened packet of Jaffa Cakes from Woolworths Supermarket ..

There are just 10 in here @ 49cents each - still sealed in clear plastic .. THERE IS ROOM IN THERE FOR AT LEAST THREE MORE as suggested by the packaging size. This is cheating the consumers and should be addressed by Government Authorities, who are paid by our taxes to work in the best interests of THE PEOPLE .. not of the bloody rip-off merchants.

What is the difference between a biscuit maker and a thief? 

- NOTHING, They both steal your money at every chance ..

Life is Good,

Marty K.